New Features

Source = ChatGPT

Prompt = "I learned C++ in 2011. What are all the changes that have been added since then?"

  1. C++11 (2011):

    • Lambda Expressions: Allow you to define anonymous functions.

    • Range-based For Loop: Simplifies iterating over containers.

    • Auto Keyword: Enables type inference for variable declarations.

    • Smart Pointers: std::shared_ptr, std::unique_ptr, and std::weak_ptr for improved memory management.

    • Move Semantics: Introduces move constructors and move assignment operators for efficient resource management.

    • Rvalue References: Allows you to distinguish between lvalues and rvalues.

    • Concurrency: Standardizes support for multithreading with features like std::thread and std::mutex.

    • Standard Library Enhancements: Including new containers like std::array, regular expressions support, and more.

  2. C++14 (2014):

    • Generic Lambdas: Lambdas with auto parameters.

    • Return Type Deduction: The compiler can deduce the return type of functions.

    • Binary Literals and Digit Separators: Enhances readability.

    • Variable Templates: Templates for variables, not just functions or classes.

    • std::make_unique: Complements std::make_shared.

  3. C++17 (2017):

    • Structured Bindings: Easier decomposition of objects.

    • std::optional: Represents optional values.

    • std::variant: Represents a type-safe union.

    • Parallel Algorithms: Standard library support for parallelism.

    • Filesystem Library: std::filesystem for filesystem operations.

    • if constexpr: Compile-time conditional statements.

    • Fold Expressions: Simplifies variadic template code.

  4. C++20 (2020):

    • Concepts: Introduces concepts for template type constraints.

    • Ranges: Range-based algorithms and views.

    • Coroutines: Support for asynchronous code.

    • Three-Way Comparisons: Simplifies operator overloads.

    • Modules: Replaces traditional header files with modules.

    • Improved Standard Library: Including new features in various library components.

  5. C++23 (Expected):

    • Proposals Under Consideration: Concepts will be further integrated. Likely additions include numeric formatting, more library enhancements, and more.

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