New Features

Source = ChatGPT

Prompt = "I learned C++ in 2011. What are all the changes that have been added since then?"

1. C++11 (2011):

   • Lambda Expressions: Allow you to define anonymous functions.

   • Range-based For Loop: Simplifies iterating over containers.

   • Auto Keyword: Enables type inference for variable declarations.

   • Smart Pointers: std::shared_ptr, std::unique_ptr, and std::weak_ptr for improved memory management.

   • Move Semantics: Introduces move constructors and move assignment operators for efficient resource management.

   • Rvalue References: Allows you to distinguish between lvalues and rvalues.

   • Concurrency: Standardizes support for multithreading with features like std::thread and std::mutex.

   • Standard Library Enhancements: Including new containers like std::array, regular expressions support, and more.

2. C++14 (2014):

   • Generic Lambdas: Lambdas with auto parameters.

   • Return Type Deduction: The compiler can deduce the return type of functions.

   • Binary Literals and Digit Separators: Enhances readability.

   • Variable Templates: Templates for variables, not just functions or classes.

   • std::make_unique: Complements std::make_shared.

3. C++17 (2017):

   • Structured Bindings: Easier decomposition of objects.

   • std::optional: Represents optional values.

   • std::variant: Represents a type-safe union.

   • Parallel Algorithms: Standard library support for parallelism.

   • Filesystem Library: std::filesystem for filesystem operations.

   • if constexpr: Compile-time conditional statements.

   • Fold Expressions: Simplifies variadic template code.

4. C++20 (2020):

   • Concepts: Introduces concepts for template type constraints.

   • Ranges: Range-based algorithms and views.

   • Coroutines: Support for asynchronous code.

   • Three-Way Comparisons: Simplifies operator overloads.

   • Modules: Replaces traditional header files with modules.

   • Improved Standard Library: Including new features in various library components.

5. C++23 (Expected):

   • Proposals Under Consideration: Concepts will be further integrated. Likely additions include numeric formatting, more library enhancements, and more.